Bonsai is the Japanese art of growing miniature replicas of real trees in containers, requiring specialized pruning, root shaping, and branch shaping to create a realistic image of a tree in nature. Originally developed in China as penjing, it was perfected in Japan and symbolizes harmony and longevity. Its essence is the creation of a living work of art that imitates a mature tree. Many trees are suitable for bonsai: conifers, deciduous trees, fruit trees, as well as arborvitae, ficus, and portulacaria.
Basic principles of creation
Growth regulation: Pruning, pinching, and root restriction are used.
Shaping: Bending and shaping branches to accelerate "aging" and create the appearance of a century-old tree.
Plant selection: Trees with small leaves, flexible trunks, and the ability to regenerate (e.g., ficus, maple, and pine) are suitable.
Care
Light: Bonsai prefer full sun, should be placed near a window (east or west), and rotated periodically. Watering: Depends on the species, but regular watering is essential.
Fertilizer: Requires special fertilizers during the growing season.
Temperature: Tropical species require warmth, while garden varieties can overwinter in cooler temperatures, but with shelter.
Symbolism
Harmony: Balance between humans and nature.
Longevity: Associated with wisdom and a long, happy life.
Bonsai are not genetically dwarfed plants, but ordinary trees managed by humans. This art is accessible even to beginners, provided they follow the same care guidelines as popular beginner species.
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