Anthurium.

Life Cycle

R. reniformis has four juvenile stages, an immature female, and a mature female-male stage. Mature females lay single-celled eggs that develop into first-stage juveniles, which molt into second-stage juveniles before hatching.

Further molts produce third and fourth juvenile stages, all of which retain the cuticles of the previous stages.

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Anthurium.

 None of these juvenile stages are parasitic, and they do not feed on plant roots. The final molt produces an immature worm-like female or a

male. R. reniformis has both males and females, but is also known to reproduce parthenogenetically. The males are not parasitic. 

 The worm-like

immature female is the infective stage and partially penetrates the root bark of the host plant. A permanent feeding site in the root endoderm

develops at the head of the nematode, and it becomes inactive.

 The posterior portion of the female's body remains protruding from the root and swells when the nematode reaches maturity, forming a very characteristic kidney-shaped or kidney-shaped form. The swollen females lay eggs in a gelatinous matrix

that covers the body on the root surface. The life cycle from egg to egg can be short, as little as 3 weeks, and is influenced by host and environmental conditions, particularly temperature.

 Any other non-floodable soils are suitable, but are more common in heavier clay silts and clays, unlike root nodule nematodes.

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